![]() Exploiting stroboscopic operando transmission electron microscopy on the FE phase, we measure a maximum domain wall velocity of 300 μm s –1. As one decreases the twist angle, however, this transition occurs as the domain wall network disappears. We find that the topological protection, provided by the domain wall network, prevents the MDAF-to-FE transition. Here we performed an operando transmission electron microscopy investigation on twisted bilayer WSe 2 to observe the polar domain dynamics in real time. In this moiré domain antiferroelectic (MDAF) arrangement, the distribution of electric dipoles is distinguished from that of two-dimensional FEs, suggesting dissimilar domain dynamics. The moiré superlattice formed in the twisted stacks of van der Waals crystals exhibits polar domains alternating in moiré length with anti-aligned dipoles. Conventional antiferroelectric materials with atomic-scale anti-aligned dipoles undergo a transition to a ferroelectric (FE) phase under strong electric fields. ![]()
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